Surface mining is a method of mining that involves removing the soil and the overlying rock on top of the mineral deposit. Here we’ll take a look at these four methods and learn how each of them are carried out. There are four main methods of mining through which several different materials are acquired. These materials cannot be artificially created inside a factory or laboratory, which makes them obtainable through mining only. Materials that are acquired through mining are metals, gemstones, limestone, clay, gravel, and many more that cannot be grown through agricultural processes. Our results have significant conservation implications and emphasize the need for additional research.Mining is the process of obtaining geological materials and valuable materials from the Earth. However, burial by dredge tailings resulted in the death of a substantial percentage of mussels of each species and no mussels were able to excavate from experimental dredge tailings. All exposed mussels survived the 6-week experiment. No obvious physical damage to mussels was observed due to entrainment by the suction dredge and entrainment had no effect on the survival of mussels.
The secondary experimental treatments were exposure and burial. The primary experimental treatments were entrainment by a suction dredge versus non-entrainment. We quantified the effects of being entrained, exposed, and/or buried by suction dredge placer mining on the short-term survival of western ridged mussels ( Gonidea angulata, Lea) and western pearlshell mussels ( Margaritifera falcata, Gould) in the Similkameen River, Washington. Suction dredge placer mining is an increasingly frequent activity that may affect the survival of mussels, however, the effect of suction dredge mining on freshwater mussels has received little attention.
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